By following a strict and balanced diet, diabetes can be cured. Diet for diabetes mellitus will slow down the rate of disease progression and will have a beneficial effect on the patient’s condition. It must be observed continuously. The main methods to prevent unwanted consequences are self -discipline and a varied diabetes menu.
General recommendations
When diabetes has just begun, it is important to set limits on foods high in carbohydrates and sugar, as these can increase blood glucose levels. But, regardless of the restrictions set, the body needs a balanced intake of useful components. In this case, the doctor prescribes a dietary meal for the patient. Failure to follow a diet can have a negative impact on your health. Of course, prescribed medications must be taken. But a detailed diet for diabetes, compiled by a doctor, will only improve the physical condition.
To control hunger, you need to eat regularly-at least 5-6 times a day and in small portions, including main meals and snacks.
For patients with diabetes mellitus, there are principles of dietary therapy. If you have first-degree obesity, it is better to give preference to vegetables and fruits over flour or fatty foods. It is more useful to season salads with olive oil with the addition of a few drops of lemon. To speed up the liver’s metabolic process, low -fat cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal, and lean fish should be in the diet. It is better to prepare vegetable soup from the first course. You have to wait with meat broth or cook broth on secondary broth. Need to limit the use of eggs, potatoes, corn. If there are, then very few and rare. As for salt, the recommended daily serving is less than half a teaspoon. And it is natural that it is sea salt.
Nutritional characteristics for different categories
The fact is that the purpose of the diet depends on the type of diabetes mellitus and the category to which the person belongs: for children, for pregnant women, for people who are insulin dependent, or with onset diabetes, the diet varies. Although general nutritional principles apply to all categories, each of them requires a separate approach in this regard.
Simple foods are the best nutrition for pregnancies with diabetes related.
A strict diet for people with type 1 diabetes, that is, for people who need insulin, should consist of foods rich in protein and fiber. You need to limit your intake of salt, fat, fast carbohydrates and foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract, and also contain sugar.
In contrast to diabetes on insulin maintenance, in type II diabetes mellitus, diet helps reduce the caloric content of food and normalize metabolism. With excessive blood sugar, such a diet will affect its reduction. The same diet will be used during the onset of diabetes. The diet of pregnant women should be as balanced as possible without harming the baby. The best diet for expectant mothers is simple meals.
On glycemic index and calories
The nutritional value of a product determines how many useful components will be converted into energy for the body. And the glycemic index of food shows how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed, while raising blood sugar levels. Therefore, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, you should eat foods with a low glycemic index, because the carbohydrates found in them have time to be spent by the body and are evenly distributed in them. And carbohydrates in food at a high rate contribute to the deposition of fat, do not have time to fully convert to energy.
As well as the number of calories, the glycemic index values of various foods can be found from the table on a scale from 0 to 100. But to plan a diet effectively, you need to take into account several factors that influence changes in calorie content and glycemic index. The main ones include:
Cooking in a slow cooker is one of the acceptable ways to heat food.
- Cooking methods. The glycemic index of food increases with heat treatment, especially if it is fried. Products should be baked, boiled or cooked in a slow cooker.
- The nature of the fibers. Eating the skins of fruits, grains and nuts will slow down the breakdown of glucose, preventing an increase in the glycemic index.
- Maturity of fruits and vegetables. The more ripe the fruit, the higher the calories.
What can you eat?
The early stages of diabetes may not be complicated if dietary treatment is strictly adhered to.
The following is a list of foods that can diversify your daily diet menu as much as possible:
- soups based on vegetable broth, as well as the first course of low-fat meat 1-2 times a week;
- whole wheat bread and whole bran;
- cooked, steamed or grilled chicken, turkey, rabbit, young beef;
- maximum of seafood cooked with diet and low -fat types of fish: pink salmon, hake, pike;
- buckwheat, oatmeal, oats;
- low -fat milk and cottage cheese;
- 1 egg daily;
- sugar-free vegetables and fruits;
- homemade sauces from vegetables and dairy;
- desserts and dishes for diabetics;
- any tea, coffee with milk, herbal tea (especially with the addition of rose hips), juice from fresh fruit without sugar.
What not to eat?
People with high blood sugar should leave pasta.
Foods not recommended for diabetics are listed below:
- high -calorie desserts and pastries;
- chocolate and cocoa;
- jams, jams and honey;
- fresh and dried fruits rich in sugar, such as grapes and bananas, figs, raisins and dates;
- dishes with fatty meats;
- animal fats;
- pasta, rice and semolina;
- smoked and canned;
- dairy products with a high percentage of fat and sugar;
- alcoholic beverages.
How to replace the harm?
Tasty and sweet foods should be excluded from the diabetic menu. But hazardous products need proper replacement. Diabetic foods are the easiest alternative. Options to replace prohibited products are available on regular grocery store shelves and in specialty stores. The table shows healthy foods that can replace prohibited foods.
| Prohibited food | What needs to be replaced |
|---|---|
| White flour bread | Peeled rye bread |
| Sweets and desserts | Fruit trees and shrubs, diabetic desserts |
| Animal fat | Vegetable oil |
| Fatty meats and cheeses | Lean meats, avocados |
| cream | Low fat dairy products |
Table number 9
The diet involves drinking about 2 liters of water per day.
According to diet number 9, no more than 2, 400 calories are allowed per day. If translated into grams, then this is equal to 85 g of protein, 80 g of vegetable fat and 300 g of carbohydrates. The diet for suspected diabetes mellitus should be physiologically balanced.
With diabetes and types 1 and 2, daily water intake should be 2-3 liters at a rate of 30-40 mm per kilogram of body weight. It is recommended to use only purified water, free from microbes and pathogenic bacteria.
Prolonged lack of clean water can lead to dehydration / dehydration. For diabetics, losing 25% of body fluids can be fatal.
Along with clean water, diabetics can use "mineral water". However, it can be different. Table version with mineralization up to 1 g per liter is allowed to drink without restriction. They contain a safe amount of minerals. Eating "mineral water" stimulates digestion and increases insulin absorption. Before use, open the bottle and wait for the gas to "escape" from it.
Sample menu
The diet for diabetics should be varied.
The best solution is to make a menu for a week or a month in advance. But for starters, you can get with the menu for each day. When compiling a menu, you should choose the recipe that has the most diabetes. Furthermore, from regular dishes, you can also create a weekly menu. Proper daily nutrition will increase your chances of recovery. Below is an example menu for diabetes mellitus.
| eat | Dish |
|---|---|
| Breakfast | Vegetable salad, buckwheat or oats, cottage cheese, boiled fish |
| The first snack | Fruits, boiled vegetables, compote |
| dinner | Vegetables, fish, mushroom soup, fish soup; boiled meat, cereal garnish |
| Afternoon snack | Fruit or vegetable salad, cheesecake, tea |
| dinner | Steamed pieces, stewed vegetables |
| The second banquet | Kefir, milk, yogurt |
Main dish
Diabetics ’breakfast should be filling, but overeating and eating heavy foods, including whole grains and legumes, except buckwheat and oats, are not worth it. You can make salads, mousses from fruits, berries and vegetables. Dairy products are also the basis for a good breakfast. Lightly fried zucchini in a light sour cream sauce will be a good appetizer.
A good lunch for diabetics would be mushrooms, vegetable soup, soup with cereals or nuts, cooked in meat broth. As a main course, you can eat porridge with salad or cuts of meat. The best salad dressings are olive oil, flax or cedar wood, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids. You can enjoy snacks between meals with lactic acid products with the addition of delicious fruits.
Dinner should be light and nutritious. It is better to prepare dishes that are mostly composed of protein. Healthy lentils combined with vegetables or salads from it are ideal for dinner for diabetics. If you want to eat late, before bed you can drink a glass of warm milk, fermented baked milk or eat low -fat cottage cheese.
Other dietary schedules for diabetes
Table 8 is the best diet for overweight people with diabetes. But this diet is prescribed provided there is no heart disease and gastrointestinal diseases. The goal of the diet is weight loss. Consumption of salt and foods that arouse the appetite is reduced. You should also drink no more than 1. 2 liters of water. Diet 8 allows you to consume no more than 1, 700 calories per day. This is 80 g of protein, 70 g of fat (of which one -third is vegetables), 150 g of carbohydrates and 6 g of salt.
Doctors recommend to master the 5th table for patients with diabetes and equivalent diseases of the liver and bile ducts. The diet does not include fatty and fried foods, foods containing cholesterol, essential oils, oxalic acid. It is allowed to bake food or cook, you can boil, but in exceptional cases. This diet favors the normalization of the digestive tract, rejuvenation and slows the progression of diabetes.
With diet schedule number 10, you need to leave out fatty foods.
For diabetics with cardiac pathology, a diet corresponding to diet 10. Table 10 developed is designed to normalize blood circulation, heart rate and restore metabolic processes in diabetic patients. The diet for diabetics prohibits fatty, salty foods, foods that are irritating to the nerves, circulatory system and gastrointestinal tract. Instead, you should eat foods enriched with iodine, potassium, magnesium.
You can try out the recipe by adding certain ingredients as allowed.
Healthy recipes
Vegetable snacks
Cut into large pieces 400 g white cabbage, 6 small tomatoes, 2 carrots, 2 medium onions and 3 fresh peppers. The resulting ingredients should be boiled briefly with a little vegetable oil and medium heat. Served as a separate dish. Delicious with chicken and veal or grilled fish. Feel enough.
Grilled cabbage pancakes
Cut half a kilogram of white cabbage, add parsley, dill, green onions, 1 tablespoon kefir, 1 egg, 50 g of slightly salted cheese, 1 tablespoon of bran, flour (until the consistency of sour cream). Mix the resulting ingredients and send in a cool place for 30 minutes. Next, spread the pancakes on a baking sheet and bake until golden brown at 180 degrees.